How Churchill Became Marlborough...

by Marc Daniel

As everyone knows, not all of the coats of arms of noble families were created out of blood and glory, and not all can trace their noble ancestry all the way back to the Crusades. Gold and

MORE MARC DANIEL?

The article which received the greatest amount of favorable comment in our International Issue 1956 1956 was Marc Daniel's The Twelfth Man. a capsule biography of Philip von Eulenburg. We hope our readers will be equally pleased with this second translation from his series of profiles which are appearing in ARCADIE. If the response from our readers is great enough, it might be possible for schedule more than one such translation a year. But if we don't hear from you directly we can only assume you don't want them, and you will have to wait until the next International Issue appears in 1958.

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wealth have fed the roots of the Almanach de Gotha, as have the weaknesses of many a great lady some handsome why not? where young men. After all, would the Rochechouarts and the Antins now be without Mme. de Montespan? Or the Maillys if the Duchess of Chateauroux had resisted the advances of Louis XV?

Sovereigns have also shown great generosity toward some of their male companions, without necessarily going so far as the exuberant Catherine the Great, who made a prince out of her Potemkin. Quite a few attractive noblemen have managed, rather unexpectedly, to establish the fortunes of their families on close intimacies with some king or emperor. Luynes. Saint-Simon, Cinq-Mars would not be such resounding names today if it had not been for Louis XIII's penchant for "special friendships." The Duke-Marshall of Epernon started his career as a "mignon" of Henri III of France The gallant Duke of Buckingham was the favorite of King James

mattachine REVIEW

I of England, and young Antinous was deified and venerated in temples because, to the day he died, he remained faithful to his lover, the Emperor Hadrian. However, I think that very few of the ships sailing the heraldic seas came originally from the Isle of Lesbos. It has been said that the Princess of Lambelle and the Duchess of Polignac enjoyed unusual pastimes with Marie Antoinette, but this I do not believe. On the other hand, I have no doubt but that Queen Anne of England did truly love her friend, Sarah Jennings, and that the fame of the Churchills started with this affair.

the year Around 1650, Sir Winston Churchill was a hardworking. little known gentleman from Devonshire His family, of French descent, was extremely faithful to the Stuart dynasty There was not much ambition in his life, and his name would be forgotten but for his two children, Arabella and John. The elder, Arabella had grown into a quite slender young girl, not without charm She eventually managed to capture the attention and heart of the heir to the throne, James Stuart, Duke of York, and became his official mistress. She presented him with several children. one of whom, the

Duke of Berwick, became one of the ablest generals of the early eighteenth century.

Sir Winston's son, John, benefited from his sister's influence He joined the King's army and was rapidly promoted, thanks to his looks, his courage, and his successes with the fair sex. He

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perhaps went somewhat too far in the latter direction in winning favors of Lady Castlemaine, Duchess of Cleveland and mistress of the King. Caught in her apartments by her royal lover, he had to jump from the window He was then exiled to Tangiers to meditate upon the wisdom of of keeping away from the king s mistresses. but found some consolation in the fact that the good duchess, responsible for his predicament, gave him 500 pounds for pin money When his sister pleaded for him, he was soon allowed back in England.

The king responsible for this was old Charles II, a skepticai, blase, and cynical man who, a!with though amply supplied bastards by his many mistresses, had been blessed with no legitimate child. His heir was therefore, his brother, the Duke of York, a skinny and autocratic prince who. furthermore, was leaning toward Catholicism at a time when the word "papist" infuriated most Englishmen.

James had two daughters, Mary and Anne As presumptive heirs to the throne, the two prin.cesses had been educated by Anglicans, and their uncle the King had given them Protestant husbands; Mary had married William of Orange, Stathouder of the Netherlands, and Anne had wed George. brother of the king of Denmark.

Their mother, the Duchess of York, for many years had had a pleasant and well-behaved young lady, Frances Jennings Jennings from Hertfordshire, as one of her ladies-in-waiting. Frances was indeed so very pleasant that for 15